Tur机是theoretical concept发明的,目的是以数学方式探讨可计算问题的领域,并找到描述这些计算方法。

Von-Neumann的建筑结构是建造actual Computer(implementTuring机器在理论上描述的内容)的结构。

功能性方案拟订以lambda-calculus为基础,这是描述计算或更准确地说是可计算功能的又一方法。 虽然它采用完全不同的方法,但它同样对 Tur机(据说是turing full)具有影响力。

每一个Mlambda-calculus方案(定期)T都是用一种组合书写的。

• variables like x
• anonymous functions like λx. T
• function applications T T

尽管无国籍状态,但每计算一台电脑的“execute两种(除技术限制外,例如提供固定储存,而机器可要求这种储存)。

Generally one refers to the Von Neumann architecture, as contrasted with the Harvard architecture. The former has code and data stored in the same way, whereas the latter has separate memory and bus pathways for code and data. All modern desktop PCs are Von Neumann, most microcontrollers are Harvard. Both are examples of real-world designs that attempt to emulate a theoretical Turing machine (which is impossible because a true Turing machine requires infinite memory).

淡化模型界定了计算能力,而不深入实施,任何人都不会制造像 Tur机这样的计算机。 (Except enthusiasts )。

The Turing "model" is not an architectural model at all. It was just a non-existent machine that Turing hypothesized to serve as the vehicle for his proof of the decision problem.

The easy way to understand the difference is... von Neumann stretched Turing s alpha-machine concept to support more than one algorithm in shared, centralized, unprotected memory. This led away from Alonzo Church s Lambda Calculus and functional programming to RISC instructions, dangerously shared static addressing, the dictatorial superuser, central operating systems, virtual memory, virtual machine, and endless cybercrime. Instead, the Turing Machine was intended as the Lambda engine of the Lambda Calculus, creating virtual functions (instead of virtual machines). Remember, Alan Turing was Alonzo Church s doctoral student in 1936 and 1937. They intended Alonzo Church s symbolic, functional modularity to encapsulate and protect the single algorithm as a simple binary computer to implement their Church-Turing Thesis. Lambda machine code enforces functional programming as a better and more powerful computer using immutable names, object-oriented programs, and Capability-Based Addressing. The binary computer (either Turing s or von Neumann s), when encapsulated this way, creates a Church-Turing Machine with six additional Church Instructions to programmatically control an application namespace, a thread of execution, secure call and return to subroutine abstractions, programmed functions, and binary objects, as explained in Civilizing Cyberspace: The Fight For Digital Democracy

Having safe and protecting hardware that protects the programming environment in the Church Turing style is really attractive, but what I ask is how can the industry be transitioned to this idea? Scare tactics won t do it no matter how hard the red flag is waved.

对目前设计的投资太大。 在更换不安全的建筑的同时,还需要有商业吸引力的方式加以引入,但目前仍允许使用现有能力和大多数现有软件投资。 这包括对产品和工作人员培训的投资。 如果有可能,替换必须能够在硬件中达到几乎看不到的水平,并且以最低影响保护现有软件。

如果做不到这一点,我就不认为会得到广泛执行。