我遇到了一个问题,我的服务器应用程序发送了8字节长的数据包-AABBCC1122334455
,但我的应用程序通过“recv”函数分两部分接收到这个数据包AARBCC1122
33445
谢谢
我遇到了一个问题,我的服务器应用程序发送了8字节长的数据包-AABBCC1122334455
,但我的应用程序通过“recv”函数分两部分接收到这个数据包AARBCC1122
33445
谢谢
总结一下标题:
send
and recv
can send and receive less data than provided in the argument. You have to deal with it correctly (usually by applying proper loop around the call).根据你已经提到的,你很可能想发送某种信息(好吧,这通常是人们所做的)。关键是要正确地发现消息的边界。如果你的消息大小固定,你只需从流中获取相同数量的数据并将其转换为你的消息;否则,您需要一种不同的方法:
如果你能想出一个消息中不存在的字符,它可能是你的分隔符。然后,您可以阅读流,直到到达角色,这将是您的消息。如果传输ASCII字符(字符串),可以使用零作为分隔符。
如果您传输二进制数据(原始整数等),所有字符都可以出现在您的消息中,因此没有任何字符可以作为分隔符。在这种情况下,最常见的方法可能是使用包含消息大小的固定大小前缀。此额外字段的大小取决于消息的最大大小(使用4个字节可能是安全的,但如果你知道最大大小是多少,你可以使用较低的值)。那么你的数据包看起来就像SSSS|PPPPPPPPP(字节流),其中S
是附加大小字段,P
P字节数由S
S字节)开头,因此您可以将它们读取为32位整数。一旦知道封装消息的大小,就可以读取所有P
字节。处理完一个数据包后,您就可以从套接字中读取另一个了。
不过,好消息是,你可以想出一些完全不同的东西。你需要知道的是如何从字节流中反序列化你的消息,以及send
/recv
的行为。祝你好运
编辑:
函数将任意数量的字节接收到数组中的示例:
bool recv_full(int sock, char *buffer, size_t size)
{
size_t received = 0;
while (received < size)
{
ssize_t r = recv(sock, buffer + received, size - received, 0);
if (r <= 0) break;
received += r;
}
return received == size;
}
以及接收具有2字节前缀的数据包的示例,该前缀定义了有效载荷的大小(有效载荷的尺寸限制为65kB):
uint16_t msgSize = 0;
char msg[0xffff];
if (recv_full(sock, reinterpret_cast<char *>(&msgSize), sizeof(msgSize)) &&
recv_full(sock, msg, msgSize))
{
// Got the message in msg array
}
else
{
// Something bad happened to the connection
}
这就是recv()
在大多数平台上的工作原理。你必须检查你收到的字节数,并继续在循环中调用它,直到你得到你需要的数字。
您可以通过在循环中读取TCP套接字来“修复”这个问题,直到您获得足够的字节来理解您的应用程序。
我的服务器应用程序发送长度为8字节的数据包
不是真的。您的服务器发送8个单独的字节,而不是8个字节长的数据包。TCP数据是通过字节流而不是数据包流发送的。TCP既不尊重也不维护您可能想到的任何“数据包”边界。
如果你知道你的数据是以N字节的数量提供的,那么在循环中调用recv
:
std::vector<char> read_packet(int N) {
std::vector buffer(N);
int total = 0, count;
while ( total < N && (count = recv(sock_fd, &buffer[N], N-total, 0)) > 0 )
total += count;
return buffer;
}
std::vector<char> packet = read_packet(8);
如果您的数据包长度可变,请尝试在数据本身之前发送:
int read_int() {
std::vector<char> buffer = read_packet(sizeof (int));
int result;
memcpy((void*)&result, (void*)&buffer[0], sizeof(int));
return result;
}
int length = read_int();
std::vector<char> data = read_buffer(length);
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