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为什么世界妇女运动组织的文件例子不可行?
原标题：Why did the documentation example for OWSLib not work?
  • 时间：2023-08-26 02:16:46
  •  标签：
  • python
  • gis

我愿学习。 或具有以下想法的相当图书馆:我可以下载地理信息系统数据集,作为我的kedro的一部分。 数据处理管道。

我开始学习普惠制读物的例子:

>>> from owslib.wms import WebMapService
>>> wms = WebMapService( http://wms.jpl.nasa.gov/wms.cgi , version= 1.1.1 )
>>> wms.identification.type
 OGC:WMS 
>>> wms.identification.version
 1.1.1 
>>> wms.identification.title
 JPL Global Imagery Service 
>>> wms.identification.abstract
 WMS Server maintained by JPL, worldwide satellite imagery. 

Available layers::

    >>> list(wms.contents)
    [ us_landsat_wgs84 ,  modis ,  global_mosaic_base ,  huemapped_srtm ,
     srtm_mag ,  daily_terra ,  us_ned ,  us_elevation ,  global_mosaic ,
     daily_terra_ndvi ,  daily_aqua_ndvi ,  daily_aqua_721 ,  daily_planet ,
     BMNG ,  srtmplus ,  us_colordem , None,  daily_aqua ,  worldwind_dem ,
     daily_terra_721 ]

Details of a layer::

    >>> wms[ global_mosaic ].title
     WMS Global Mosaic, pan sharpened 
    >>> wms[ global_mosaic ].boundingBoxWGS84
    (-180.0, -60.0, 180.0, 84.0)
    >>> wms[ global_mosaic ].crsOptions
    [ EPSG:4326 ,  AUTO:42003 ]
    >>> wms[ global_mosaic ].styles
    { pseudo_bright : { title :  Pseudo-color image (Uses IR and Visual bands,
    542 mapping), gamma 1.5 },  pseudo : { title :  (default) Pseudo-color
    image, pan sharpened (Uses IR and Visual bands, 542 mapping), gamma 1.5 },
     visual : { title :  Real-color image, pan sharpened (Uses the visual
    bands, 321 mapping), gamma 1.5 },  pseudo_low : { title :  Pseudo-color
    image, pan sharpened (Uses IR and Visual bands, 542 mapping) },
     visual_low : { title :  Real-color image, pan sharpened (Uses the visual
    bands, 321 mapping) },  visual_bright : { title :  Real-color image (Uses
    the visual bands, 321 mapping), gamma 1.5 }}

Available methods, their URLs, and available formats::

    >>> [op.name for op in wms.operations]
    [ GetTileService ,  GetCapabilities ,  GetMap ]
    >>> wms.getOperationByName( GetMap ).methods
    { Get : { url :  http://wms.jpl.nasa.gov/wms.cgi? }}
    >>> wms.getOperationByName( GetMap ).formatOptions
    [ image/jpeg ,  image/png ,  image/geotiff ,  image/tiff ]

That s everything needed to make a request for imagery::

    >>> img = wms.getmap(   layers=[ global_mosaic ],
    ...                     styles=[ visual_bright ],
    ...                     srs= EPSG:4326 ,
    ...                     bbox=(-112, 36, -106, 41),
    ...                     size=(300, 250),
    ...                     format= image/jpeg ,
    ...                     transparent=True
    ...                     )
    >>> out = open( jpl_mosaic_visb.jpg ,  wb )
    >>> out.write(img.read())
    >>> out.close()

但我几乎立即陷入错误。

(vewnv) [galen@orcus Downloads]$ python
Python 3.11.3 (main, Jun  5 2023, 09:32:32) [GCC 13.1.1 20230429] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from owslib.wms import WebMapService
>>> wms = WebMapService( http://wms.jpl.nasa.gov/wms.cgi , version= 1.1.1 )
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/galen/Downloads/vewnv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/urllib3/connection.py", line 203, in _new_conn
    sock = connection.create_connection(
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/galen/Downloads/vewnv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/urllib3/util/connection.py", line 60, in create_connection
    for res in socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, family, socket.SOCK_STREAM):
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/lib/python3.11/socket.py", line 962, in getaddrinfo
    for res in _socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, family, type, proto, flags):
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
socket.gaierror: [Errno -2] Name or service not known

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/galen/Downloads/vewnv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 790, in urlopen
    response = self._make_request(
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/galen/Downloads/vewnv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 496, in _make_request
    conn.request(
  File "/home/galen/Downloads/vewnv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/urllib3/connection.py", line 395, in request
    self.endheaders()
  File "/usr/lib/python3.11/http/client.py", line 1278, in endheaders
    self._send_output(message_body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.11/http/client.py", line 1038, in _send_output
    self.send(msg)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.11/http/client.py", line 976, in send
    self.connect()
  File "/home/galen/Downloads/vewnv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/urllib3/connection.py", line 243, in connect
    self.sock = self._new_conn()
                ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/galen/Downloads/vewnv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/urllib3/connection.py", line 210, in _new_conn
    raise NameResolutionError(self.host, self, e) from e
urllib3.exceptions.NameResolutionError: <urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7f77cd407310>: Failed to resolve  wms.jpl.nasa.gov  ([Errno -2] Name or service not known)

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/galen/Downloads/vewnv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/requests/adapters.py", line 486, in send
    resp = conn.urlopen(
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/galen/Downloads/vewnv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 844, in urlopen
    retries = retries.increment(
              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/galen/Downloads/vewnv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/urllib3/util/retry.py", line 515, in increment
    raise MaxRetryError(_pool, url, reason) from reason  # type: ignore[arg-type]
    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError: HTTPConnectionPool(host= wms.jpl.nasa.gov , port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /wms.cgi?service=WMS&request=GetCapabilities&version=1.1.1 (Caused by NameResolutionError("<urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7f77cd407310>: Failed to resolve  wms.jpl.nasa.gov  ([Errno -2] Name or service not known)"))

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/home/galen/Downloads/vewnv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/owslib/wms.py", line 50, in WebMapService
    return wms111.WebMapService_1_1_1(
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/galen/Downloads/vewnv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/owslib/map/wms111.py", line 75, in __init__
    self._capabilities = reader.read(self.url, timeout=self.timeout)
                         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/galen/Downloads/vewnv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/owslib/map/common.py", line 65, in read
    u = openURL(spliturl[0], spliturl[1], method= Get ,
        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/galen/Downloads/vewnv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/owslib/util.py", line 209, in openURL
    req = requests.request(method.upper(), url_base, headers=headers, **rkwargs)
          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/galen/Downloads/vewnv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/requests/api.py", line 59, in request
    return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/galen/Downloads/vewnv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/requests/sessions.py", line 589, in request
    resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/galen/Downloads/vewnv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/requests/sessions.py", line 703, in send
    r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/galen/Downloads/vewnv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/requests/adapters.py", line 519, in send
    raise ConnectionError(e, request=request)
requests.exceptions.ConnectionError: HTTPConnectionPool(host= wms.jpl.nasa.gov , port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /wms.cgi?service=WMS&request=GetCapabilities&version=1.1.1 (Caused by NameResolutionError("<urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7f77cd407310>: Failed to resolve  wms.jpl.nasa.gov  ([Errno -2] Name or service not known)"))
最佳回答

实例中使用的服务器(http://wms.jpl.nasa.gov)正在开始逐渐淘汰。 https://web.archive.org/web/20141109174905/http://wms.jpl.nasa.gov/“rel=“nofollow noreferer”>toward the end of2014,已不能再查阅。

该网站在退役前的电文指出,它将由地球科学数据和信息系统项目提供的“全球图像服务”取代:>。

A cursory clickthrough of the linked replacement site shows that NASA still provides a WMS service, albeit through different Service Endpoints listed on the Access Basics documentation page. Replacing the dead link in your code with a listed service endpoint best suiting your needs should get you back on the right track.

有趣的是,在README中,你引述的例子似乎将这一代码置于17年前<<<>em><<<<<<<<<<>>>>a>,因此其老旧且不令人惊讶。 我可能考虑提出一个问题,以便使其得到更有意义的更新。

时间：2023-08-26 02:38:46
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