我同意,R的那种制度是令人不快的。 之所以如此,是因为它已经经历了(长时间)的时间......。

请注意,您忽略了一种类似类型的功能:storage.mode,而另一种类似类别的职能,old 类别。

mode(3L)                  # numeric
storage.mode(3L)          # integer
storage.mode(`identical`) # function
storage.mode(`if`)        # function
typeof(`identical`)       # closure
typeof(`if`)              # special

oldClass(3L) # NULL
class(3L) # integer
class(structure(3L, dim=1)) # array
class(structure(3L, dim=c(1,1))) # matrix
class(list()) # list
class(structure(list(1), dim=1)) # array
class(structure(list(1), dim=c(1,1))) # matrix
class(structure(list(1), dim=1, class= foo )) # foo

# Here "A" inherits from "B", which inherits from "C"
class(structure(1, class=LETTERS[1:3])) # "A" "B" "C"

# an ordered factor:
class(ordered(3:1)) # "ordered" "factor"

> x <- 3
> class(x) <- c("hi","low")
> class(x)
[1] "hi"  "low"

<>代码> 表示物体的内部类型。 根据<代码>可能达到的价值? 的类型:

The vector types "logical", "integer", "double", "complex", "character", "raw" and "list", "NULL", "closure" (function), "special" and "builtin" (basic functions and operators), "environment", "S4" (some S4 objects) and others that are unlikely to be seen at user level ("symbol", "pairlist", "promise", "language", "char", "...", "any", "expression", "externalptr", "bytecode" and "weakref").

<代码>mode依靠类型。 http://www.un.org。 模式/代码:

Modes have the same set of names as types (see typeof) except that types "integer" and "double" are returned as "numeric". types "special" and "builtin" are returned as "function". type "symbol" is called mode "name". type "language" is returned as "(" or "call".

www.un.org/Depts/DGACM/index_spanish.htm 需要什么其他信息来充分描述一个实体? (例如,名单存放在哪里?)

名单包括:

> y <- list(3)
> class(y)
[1] "list"

你们是否意味着病媒化? 其目的应足以:

> z <- 3
> class(z)
[1] "numeric"
> length(z)
[1] 1

参考3,作为长度1的计数媒介,而不是一些原始数字类型。

<><>Conclusion>/strong>

可以通过<条码>和<条码>获得简单罚款。 在你需要其他 st的时候,你可能不得不问一下:

添加以下几个问题:

• What other information is needed to fully describe an entity?

除<条码>、<条码>、<>条码>、<>条码>、<条码>、<条码>、<条码>、<条码>、<条码>、>等外,还应注意到<条码>各项指示/代码>。

is(1)
[1] "numeric" "vector"

虽然有用,但它也不能令人满意。 举例来说,<代码>1不止是这样;它也是原子、定型和双重的。 下述功能应显示所有物体均符合<代码>is.(......)功能:

what.is <- function(x, show.all=FALSE) {

  # set the warn option to -1 to temporarily ignore warnings
  op <- options("warn")
  options(warn = -1)
  on.exit(options(op))

  list.fun <- grep(methods(is), pattern = "<-", invert = TRUE, value = TRUE)
  result <- data.frame(test=character(), value=character(), 
                       warning=character(), stringsAsFactors = FALSE)

  # loop over all "is.(...)" functions and store the results
  for(fun in list.fun) {
    res <- try(eval(call(fun,x)),silent=TRUE)
    if(class(res)=="try-error") {
      next() # ignore tests that yield an error
    } else if (length(res)>1) {
      warn <- "*Applies only to the first element of the provided object"
      value <- paste(res,"*",sep="")
    } else {
      warn <- ""
      value <- res
    }
    result[nrow(result)+1,] <- list(fun, value, warn)
  }

  # sort the results
  result <- result[order(result$value,decreasing = TRUE),]
  rownames(result) <- NULL

  if(show.all)
    return(result)
  else
    return(result[which(result$value=="TRUE"),])
}

因此,我们现在有了更完整的情况:

> what.is(1)
        test value warning
1  is.atomic  TRUE        
2  is.double  TRUE        
3  is.finite  TRUE        
4 is.numeric  TRUE        
5  is.vector  TRUE 

> what.is(CO2)
           test value warning
1 is.data.frame  TRUE        
2       is.list  TRUE        
3     is.object  TRUE        
4  is.recursive  TRUE 

您还获得更多关于以下论点的信息:show.all=TRUE。 我不在此举任何例子,因为结果有50条线以上。

最后,这意味着作为信息的补充来源,而不是取代先前提到的任何其他职能。

http://www.ohchr.org。

为了按照“Erdogan”的意见列入更多的“is”职能,你可以将此范围添加到以下职能中:

  # right after 
  # list.fun <- grep(methods(is), pattern = "<-", invert = TRUE, value = TRUE)
  list.fun.2 <- character()

  packs <- c( base ,  utils ,  methods ) # include more packages if needed

  for (pkg in packs) {
    library(pkg, character.only = TRUE)
    objects <- grep("^is.+\w$", ls(envir = as.environment(paste( package , pkg, sep =  : ))),
                    value = TRUE)
    objects <- grep("<-", objects, invert = TRUE, value = TRUE)
    if (length(objects) > 0) 
      list.fun.2 <- append(list.fun.2, objects[sapply(objects, function(x) class(eval(parse(text = x))) == "function")])
  }

  list.fun <- union(list.fun.1, list.fun.2)  

  # ...and continue with the rest
  result <- data.frame(test=character(), value=character(), 
                       warning=character(), stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
  # and so on...

这个问题涉及R中各类“类型”的混淆。 在阅读了这个网站和其他一些网站之后,我认为“RichieCotton”的评论最好能解决这一混乱。 在听取这一评论时,我非常感动,我愿强调这一点,把它作为答案。

<[...] at this point,mode and storage.mode<>code> are residue over from S. 只需要注意<条码>()和<条码>(>>>。