职能不一定要知道它们要求什么范围;职能点是使可重新使用的守则成为不同地点多次援引的系统。

You communicate information to a function by passing it through its input variables. The function communicates information back to its caller by returning it.

管理范围的各种变量是该守则在该范围中的工作而不是它援引的任何职能。 如果你需要根据一项职能确定的价值确定变数,那么你就能够恢复这些价值,并使用这些数值确定变数。 如果该功能的计算值取决于你在呼吁范围中具有的变量的数值,那么,你需要将这些数值作为理由予以通过。 你再次要求你履行的职能是,必须知道你重新使用哪些变量,并且不能与这些变量做我。

你们想要做的事情就是这样:

def find_chamber_discard(chambersinreactor, cardsdiscarded):
    chambersinreactor += 1
    cardsdiscarded += 1
    return (chambersinreactor, cardsdiscarded)

chambersinreactor = 0;
cardsdiscarded = 0;

chambersinreactor, cardsdiscarded = find_chamber_discard(chambersinreactor, cardsdiscarded)

print chambersinreactor
print cardsdiscarded

有办法利用全球变数或操纵变数数据结构来解决这一问题,但最终使你的方案不那么灵活,更有可能控制难以发现的错误。 有了这些技术的地方,但你向实际职能传递信息的第一个方法应该是通过论点和接受回报价值。

One approach is to use mutable values, like dicts or lists:

settings = dict(
    chambersinreactor = 0,
    cardsdiscarded = 0
)

def find_chamber_discard():
    settings[ chambersinreactor ] += 1
    settings[ cardsdiscarded ] += 1

find_chamber_discard()

print settings[ chambersinreactor ]
print settings[ cardsdiscarded ]

然而,如果你的职能正在改变某些状态,那么你也许会比平整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整整,

class CardCounter(object):
    def __init__(self):
        chambersinreactor = 0
        cardsdiscarded = 0

    def find_chamber_discard(self, hand):
        for card in hand:
            if card.is_chamber:
                self.chambersinreactor += 1
            if card.is_discarded:
                self.cardsdiscarded += 1

如果你重新计算,也许你可以采取反响:

from collections import Counter

def test_for_chamberness(x): return x ==  C 
def test_for_discarded(x): return x ==  D 

def chamber_or_discard(card):
    if test_for_chamberness(card):
        return  chambersinreactor 
    if test_for_discarded(card):
        return  cardsdiscarded 

hand = [ C , C , D , X , D , E , C ]

print Counter(
    x for x in (chamber_or_discard(card) for card in hand) if x is not None
)

从个人角度讲,我倾向于采取班级办法,甚至总结反响,因为它把所有相关功能放在一起。

#!/usr/bin/env python
chambersinreactor = 0; cardsdiscarded = 0;

def find_chamber_discard():
    chambersinreactor = 0
    cardsdiscarded = 0
    chambersinreactor += 1 
    cardsdiscarded += 1 
    return(chambersinreactor, cardsdiscarded)

#Here the globals remain unchanged by the locals.
#In python, a scope is similar to a  namespace 
find_chamber_discard()

print chambersinreactor #prints as 0
print cardsdiscarded 

#I ve modified the function to return a pair (tuple) of numbers.
#Above I ignored them. Now I m going to assign the variables in the 
#main name space to the result of the function call.
print("=====with assignment===")
(chambersinreactor, cardsdiscarded) = find_chamber_discard()

print chambersinreactor #  now prints as 1
print cardsdiscarded 

# Here is another way that doesn t depend on returning values.
#Pass a dictionary of all the main variables into your function
#and directly access them from within the function as needed

print("=======using locals===")
def find_chamber_discard2(_locals):
    _locals[ chambersinreactor ] += 1
    _locals[ cardsdiscarded ] += 1
    return

find_chamber_discard2(locals())

print chambersinreactor #incremented the value, which was already 1
print cardsdiscarded