You need to add setters to the style rather than using RegisterName. The following code, in the Window_Loaded event, will create a new TextBlock style which will become the default for all instances of a TextBlock within the Window. If you d rather set it explicitly on one particular TextBlock, you can set the Style property of that control rather than adding the style to the Resources dictionary.
private void Window_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
Style style = new Style(typeof (TextBlock));
style.Setters.Add(new Setter(TextBlock.ForegroundProperty, Brushes.Green));
style.Setters.Add(new Setter(TextBlock.TextProperty, "Green"));
Resources.Add(typeof (TextBlock), style);
}