from operator import itemgetter
from itertools import groupby

lst = [(1, 5),  (5, 4), (13, 3), (4, 3), (3, 2), (14, 1),
       (12, 1), (10, 1), (9, 1), (8, 1),  (7, 1), (6, 1), (2, 1)]

result = [[x for x, y in group]
          for key, group in groupby(lst, key=itemgetter(1))]

groupby(lst, key=itemgetter(1)) generates groups of consecutive elements of lst within which all elements have the same 1st (counting from zero) item. The [x for x, y in group] keeps the 0th item of each element within each group.

It is a bit convoluted, but you can do it with the itertools.groupby function:

>>> lst = [(1, 5),  (5, 4), (13, 3), (4, 3), (3, 2), (14, 1), (12, 1), 
 (10, 1), (9, 1), (8, 1),  (7, 1), (6, 1), (2, 1)]
>>> from operator import itemgetter 
>>> import itertools
>>> [map(itemgetter(0), group) for (key,group) in itertools.groupby(lst, itemgetter(1))]
[[1], [5], [13, 4], [3], [14, 12, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 2]]
>>> 

Explanation: groupby returns an iterator for each group, where a group is defined as a sequence of entries that have the same value returned by function passed as a separate parameter. itemgetter(1) generates a function that returns x[1] when called with argument x. Since the groupby iterator returns two values - the key that was used and sequences of the original values which are tuples, we then need to strip out the second value in each tuple, which is what map(itemgetter(0), group) does.

Maybe not the most pythonesque answer, but this works:

d = {}

a = [(1,5), (5,4), (13,3), (4,3), (3,2), (14,1), (12,1)]

for value in a:
     if value[0] not in d:
         d[ value[0] ] = []
     d[ value[0] ].append( a[1] )

print d.values()

The simple solution:

n_list = []
c_snd = None
for (fst, snd) in o_list:
  if snd == c_snd: n_list[-1].append(fst)
  else:
    c_snd = snd
    n_list.append([fst])

Explanation: use c_snd to store the current second part of the tuple. If that changes, start a new list in n_list for this new second value, starting with fst, otherwise add fst to the last list in n_list.

Don t know how fast this will be for bigger sets, but you could do something like that:

input = [
    (1,  5), (5,  4), (13, 3), (4, 3), (3, 2), (14, 1),
    (12, 1), (10, 1), (9,  1), (8, 1), (7, 1), (6,  1),
    (2,  1)
]

output = [[] for _ in xrange(input[0][1])]
for value, key in input:
    output[-key].append(value)

print output # => [[1], [5], [13, 4], [3], [14, 12, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 2]]