If you want to control the connection opened by a certain process you can use psutil:
>>> p = psutil.Process(1694)
>>> p.name()
firefox
>>> p.connections()
[connection(fd=115, family=2, type=1, local_address=( 10.0.0.1 , 48776), remote_address=( 93.186.135.91 , 80), status= ESTABLISHED ),
connection(fd=117, family=2, type=1, local_address=( 10.0.0.1 , 43761), remote_address=( 72.14.234.100 , 80), status= CLOSING ),
connection(fd=119, family=2, type=1, local_address=( 10.0.0.1 , 60759), remote_address=( 72.14.234.104 , 80), status= ESTABLISHED ),
connection(fd=123, family=2, type=1, local_address=( 10.0.0.1 , 51314), remote_address=( 72.14.234.83 , 443), status= SYN_SENT )]
Internally psutil uses /proc.
If you re interested in connections to/from a particular port number at system level you might take a look at how psutil implements it.
Edit: starting from psutil 2.1.0 you can also gather system-wide connections using net_connections():
>>> import psutil
>>> psutil.net_connections()
[pconn(fd=115, family=2, type=1, laddr=( 10.0.0.1 , 48776), raddr=( 93.186.135.91 , 80), status= ESTABLISHED , pid=1254),
pconn(fd=117, family=2, type=1, laddr=( 10.0.0.1 , 43761), raddr=( 72.14.234.100 , 80), status= CLOSING , pid=2987),
pconn(fd=-1, family=2, type=1, laddr=( 10.0.0.1 , 60759), raddr=( 72.14.234.104 , 80), status= ESTABLISHED , pid=None),
pconn(fd=-1, family=2, type=1, laddr=( 10.0.0.1 , 51314), raddr=( 72.14.234.83 , 443), status= SYN_SENT , pid=None)
...]