Consider the URL: https://foo:password@example.com
上述示例中的用户名/密码部分是否符合这个问题?
Consider the URL: https://foo:password@example.com
上述示例中的用户名/密码部分是否符合这个问题?
当您将用户名和密码放在主机前面时,这些数据不会以这种方式发送到服务器。而是根据所使用的身份验证模式将其转换为请求标头。大多数情况下,这将是我在下面描述的基本身份验证。类似(但使用频率明显较低)的身份验证方案是摘要式身份验证,如今它提供了类似的安全功能。
使用Basic Auth,问题中的HTTP请求将如下所示:
GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: example.com
Authorization: Basic Zm9vOnBhc3N3b3Jk
您在那里看到的类似哈希的字符串是由浏览器创建的,如下所示:base64_encode(username+“:”+password)
。
对于HTTPS传输的局外人来说,这些信息是隐藏的(就像HTTP级别上的其他一切一样)。不过,您应该注意登录客户端和所有中间服务器。用户名通常会显示在服务器日志中,但密码不会。但这并不能保证。当您在客户端上使用例如<code>curl</code>调用该URL时,用户名和密码将在进程列表中清晰可见,并可能出现在bash历史文件中。
当您在GET请求中发送密码时,例如http://example.com/login.php?username=me&;password=secure用户名和密码将始终出现在您的Web服务器、应用程序服务器、缓存等的服务器日志中。。。除非您专门将服务器配置为不记录它。这只适用于能够读取未加密http数据的服务器,如您的应用程序服务器或任何中间盒,如负载平衡器、CDN、代理等。
基本身份验证是标准化的,并由浏览器通过显示您可能已经看到的这个小用户名/密码弹出窗口来实现。当您将用户名/密码放入通过GET或POST发送的HTML表单中时,您必须自己实现所有登录/注销逻辑(这可能是一个优势,可以让您更好地控制登录/注销流程,因为必须再次安全地实现这一点会增加“成本”)。但是您应该永远不要通过GET参数传输用户名和密码。如果必须,请改用POST。默认情况下,阻止记录此数据。
当使用用户/密码输入表单和随后的基于cookie的会话实现身份验证机制时(如今天通常使用的),您必须确保密码是通过POST请求传输的,或者仅通过上述标准化身份验证方案之一传输的。
最后,我可以说,通过HTTPS以这种方式传输数据可能是安全的,只要你注意密码不会出现在意外的地方。但这条建议适用于以任何方式传输任何密码的每一次。
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